![]() 2004) and entropy of the system (Schauble et al. The degree to which these heavy isotopes bond to each other depends on rotational and vibrational frequencies of the bonds (Wang et al. ![]() The Δ 47 values, therefore, indicate the abundance anomaly of 13C- 18O bonds from the stochastic distribution (Affek and Eiler 2006 Eiler and Schauble 2004 Kluge et al. The clumped isotope measurements are represented by mass 47 anomaly (Δ 47) in the generated CO 2 gas. The integration of the adopted analytical techniques can promote the application of calcite-based clumped isotope thermometry to the fault zone processes and refinement of shallow crustal fault zone models.Ĭarbonate clumped isotopes refer to the CO 2 generated by the CaCO 3-acid reaction, which contains two or more heavy isotopes like 13C and 18O (Ghosh et al. Coalescing carbonate clumped isotope thermometry and calcite e-twin morphology allows us to constrain the temperature and depth of formation of the two main thrusts of the Himalayan frontal wedge, the Nahan thrust (170 ± 10 ☌ 6–7 km depth), and the Main Boundary thrust (262 ± 30 ☌ 10–11 km depth). Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer in low-grade carbonate-bearing fault rocks from the Himalayan frontal wedge (northwest India). Estimation of fault rock temperatures mostly relies on conventional geothermometers of metamorphic minerals and element partitioning analysis, which are largely inapplicable in shallow crustal fault rocks. Disentangling the temperature and depth of formation of fault rocks is critical for understanding their rheology, exhumation, and the evolution of fault zones.
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